Main Thinkers of Shad Darshanas

 The Shad Darshanas, also known as the Six Schools of Indian Philosophy, are the traditional classification of the different philosophical schools that emerged in ancient India. Each of these schools offers a distinct perspective on the nature of reality, the self, and the ultimate goal of human existence.

Here are the main thinkers associated with each of the six schools:

1. Samkhya: The Samkhya school was founded by Sage Kapila. Its main exponent is Ishvara Krishna.
2. Yoga: The Yoga school was founded by Sage Patanjali. Its main exponent is Vyasa.
3. Nyaya: The Nyaya school was founded by Sage Gautama. Its main exponent is Udayana.
4. Vaisheshika: The Vaisheshika school was founded by Sage Kanada. Its main exponent is Prashastapada.
5. Mimamsa: The Mimamsa school was founded by Sage Jaimini. Its main exponent is Shabara.
6. Vedanta: The Vedanta school has three major sub-schools, each with its own set of thinkers:

• Advaita Vedanta: The main exponent of Advaita Vedanta is Adi Shankaracharya.
• Vishishtadvaita Vedanta: The main exponent of Vishishtadvaita Vedanta is Ramanuja.
• Dvaita Vedanta: The main exponent of Dvaita Vedanta is Madhvacharya.

 

Sir James Lancaster

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Sir James Lancaster: He was the first commander of the first fleet sent by the East India company to India. It consisted of four big ships and one small boat. The names of the ships and boat were The Dragon, The Hector, The Swan, The Ascension and The Guest.

The fleet under the command of Sir James Lancaster was manned by 480 seamen.

It sailed for India on April 22, 1601.

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Raikes, Charles, "The Englishman of India", 1867, London.

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Further References:
Wikipedia Note on Sir James Lancaster (Click to Access)

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Triratna or Three Jewels of Buddhism

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Triratna or Three Jewels of Buddhism:
The three Jewels of Triratna in Buddhism are three directives which are:

1. Buddham Sharnam Gacchami: I go for refuge to Buddha or I take refuge in Buddha

2. Dharmam Sharnam Gacchami: I go for refuge to Dharma or I take refuge in Dharma

3. Sangham Sharnam Gacchami: I go for refuge to Sangha or I take refuge in Sangha.

It became the core doctrine of Buddhism of the demise of Gautama Buddha.

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Sutta Pitaka

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Sutta Pitaka
Sutta Pitaka is one of the three sections of the Tripitaka, the Buddhist literature of the Sathaviravada (Theravada) school of Buddhism written in Pali.

The word Sutta in Pali is corresponding to the word Sutra in Sanskrit.

Pitaka is the Palli word for Basket.

The English translators had called it the sermon book. (A. L. Basham) It can be called as the basket of Sermons.

The Sutta Pitaka is the 'largest and the most important' (A. L. Basham) of the books of Tripitaka.

The Sutta Pitaka (Sermons Book) has five Nikayas or Sections or Group.

The five Nikayas of Sutta Pitaka are

a. Digha Nikaya or Long Section which contains the sermons directly by Buddha and also the description of the circumstances in which he gave those sermons.

b. Majjihm Nikaya or Medium Section. Majjim, as it can be easily understood by Hindi speaking people, means, the medium. Digha means long.

c. Sanyutta Nikaya or Connected section.

d. Angutra Nikaya or Graduated Section. It has nearly 2000 statements divided in to eleven section. The section one has only one statement. Section two has two statements. Section three has three statements. In this way, it is a graduated section. On the final count, there are more than 2000 statements. Each of the eleven sections contains statement only on one topic.

e. Kudhaka Nikaya or the Minor section. It is called minor section but it contains numerous works in verse as well as in prose. The prominent works are Dhammapada or Verses on Virtues, Theragathas and Therigathas.Theragathas are the Hymns of the Elder Monks. The Therigathas are Hymns of the Nuns. It also contain Jatak Kathas narrated by Bhuddhagosha in prose along with verses.

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Authority Referred: A. L. Basham, 'Wonder That Was India'.

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Remarks: To be substantiated in future from other sources

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Jamshedpur Labour Association 1920

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Jamshedpur Labour Association 1920:
Jamshedpur Labour Association was started by S. N. Haldar in 1920. It was started with the workers of TATA Steel Industry, Jamshedpur. It was finally recognized by TATA Steel Industry in 1925. C. F. Andrews became its President in 1925. It had invited Gandhi to Jamshedpur wherein the management of the Tata Steel Industry also extended him its hospitality.

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Jharia Conference 1921

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Jharia Conference 1921 was a major conference of Labour Movement in India in which there was large scale participation by the Mill workers.

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Sir Cowasji Jehangir

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Sir Cowasji Jehangir

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Jatra Bhagat

Jatra Bhagat:

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Jullundur Mutiny 1920

Jullunder Mutiny (Jalandhar Mutiny): 1920

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Jugantar or Yugantar

Jugantar or Yugantar Party

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Bagha Jatin Alias Jatinder Nath Mukherjee

Bagha Jatin

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Source:
Photograph Source: Wikipedia

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