Main Thinkers of Shad Darshanas

 The Shad Darshanas, also known as the Six Schools of Indian Philosophy, are the traditional classification of the different philosophical schools that emerged in ancient India. Each of these schools offers a distinct perspective on the nature of reality, the self, and the ultimate goal of human existence.

Here are the main thinkers associated with each of the six schools:

1. Samkhya: The Samkhya school was founded by Sage Kapila. Its main exponent is Ishvara Krishna.
2. Yoga: The Yoga school was founded by Sage Patanjali. Its main exponent is Vyasa.
3. Nyaya: The Nyaya school was founded by Sage Gautama. Its main exponent is Udayana.
4. Vaisheshika: The Vaisheshika school was founded by Sage Kanada. Its main exponent is Prashastapada.
5. Mimamsa: The Mimamsa school was founded by Sage Jaimini. Its main exponent is Shabara.
6. Vedanta: The Vedanta school has three major sub-schools, each with its own set of thinkers:

• Advaita Vedanta: The main exponent of Advaita Vedanta is Adi Shankaracharya.
• Vishishtadvaita Vedanta: The main exponent of Vishishtadvaita Vedanta is Ramanuja.
• Dvaita Vedanta: The main exponent of Dvaita Vedanta is Madhvacharya.

 

Hem Chandra Kar

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Hem Chandra Kar, Deputy Magistrate, Indigo Revolt 1859-60

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Kanhu Murmu

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Kanhu Murmu: Santhal Revolt: 1855 to 1866. He was brother of Sido Murmu. They jointly motivated 60000 Santhals against the British Rule whom they called Dihku. Dikhu in their dialect meant the outsider. It were some Dikhus who even helped them like the milk man, black smiths etc. They targeted the British establishment.

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History of Jharkhand: Birsa Munda, History of Ranchi District, Santhal Rebellion, Rajmahal, Ramgarh Raj, Chasnala Mining Disaster
Tribes of West Bengal: Santhal, Santals, Oraon, Rabha, Munda People, Toto Tribe, Lepcha People, Bhutia, Santhal Rebellion, Bhumij

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Sultana Turkman Katun

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Sultana Turkman Katun was the chief wife of Sultan Shamsuddin Iltutmish of Delhi Sultanate. Sultan Razia bint al Sultan was born to her from Iltutmish. Razia was nominated as successor by Sultan Shamsuddin Iltutmish. Razia was sidelined by the nobles on the demise of Itutmish. Razia managed to establish her claim by her strong will power and character. Sultana Turkman Katun and Razia lived in the royal place Kushk-Firozi.

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Satri

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Satri: Satree

Satri was a special cadre of spies found mentioned in Arthshastra. The term is generally translated as a class mate or a colleague.

The members of this cadre were trained since their childhood for the purpose of spying. they were mainly orphans recruited for the job. they moved around as saints or astrologers - the two classes of people in whom the people confide the hidden secrets.

Special Note:
Arthshastra has mentioned nine types of spies among whom Satri is one of them. The others are Kaptaik Chhatra - fraudulent disciple, Udasthitha - a recluse, Grihapatik - a householder, Tikshna - a fire brand, Rasada - a prisoner, Vaidekhaka - a merchant, Tapasa - an ascetic practising austerities and a mendicant women.

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Nitisara

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Nitisara:
Nitisara is a book about political thought and life during ancient period of India. It was written by Kamandaka during the Gupta period.

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Kitab ul Yamini

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Kitab ul Yamini was written by Abu Nasr Muhammad ibn Muhammad al Jabbar ul Utbi or simply Utbi. The book is written in Arabic. It gives an account of the rise of Subuktagin to Mahmud as the rulers of Gazni.

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Remarks: To be continued

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Kshitigarbha

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Kshitigarbha: [K'sh]iti Garbha

As per the Mahayana School of Buddhism, Kshitigarbha is a Boddhistava. He is model keeper of the hell or Avici - the Buddhist purgatory. He not only monitor the moral conduct of the condemned souls but also help them to earn remission of sentence. In this manner he is compassionate as well as strict. He is also interpreted by some scholars as the Judge of the hell.

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