Successor States of Bahmani Kingdom

 After the disintegration of the Bahmani Kingdom (founded by Hasan Gangu Bahmani - a general of Delhi Sultanate in 1347 - Tughlaq rule) in the 16th century, several successor states emerged in the Deccan region of South India. These successor states included:

1.      1. The Adil Shahi Sultanate of Bijapur: Founded by Yusuf Adil Shah, a former Bahmani general, this state was based in Bijapur and lasted from 1490 to 1686. It was known for its architectural marvels such as the Gol Gumbaz, Ibrahim Rauza, and the Jumma Masjid.
2.      The Qutb Shahi Sultanate of Golconda: Founded by Sultan Quli Qutb Shah, a former governor of Telangana under the Bahmanis, this state was based in Golconda and lasted from 1518 to 1687. It was known for its diamond mines, rich cultural heritage, and monuments such as the Charminar, Mecca Masjid, and the Golconda Fort.
3.      The Barid Shahi Sultanate of Bidar: Founded by Amir Barid, a former Bahmani governor of Bidar, this state was based in Bidar and lasted from 1492 to 1619. It was known for its fine architecture and patronage of the arts, especially music.
4.      The Nizam Shahi Sultanate of Ahmednagar: Founded by Malik Ahmed Nizam Shah, a former Bahmani governor of Junnar, this state was based in Ahmednagar and lasted from 1490 to 1636. It was known for its military strength and resistance against the Mughal Empire.
5.      The Berar Sultanate: Founded by Fathullah Imad-ul-Mulk, a former Bahmani governor of Berar, this state was based in Ellichpur and lasted from 1490 to 1574. It was known for its strategic location and military power.

These successor states continued the legacy of the Bahmani Kingdom in terms of their cultural diversity, architecture, and political structures, but also had their own unique characteristics and contributions to the history of the Deccan region.

Simon Fraser

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Simon Fraser (Must Read the note below within this section): He was the political agent residing at Delhi where the pensioner Padshah Bhadur Shah II was living. He was killed somewhere after May 11, 1857 by the sepoys who had come from Meerut and the people who had gathered around those sepoys.


Note: Simon Fraser here is about a person who was in India in 1857. There are a number of persons by the same name associated with histories of different regions, nations and times. Use discretion while picking reference from here. It is valid only in case of Indian History, Colonial period.

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Remarks: Subject to change at any time.

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Tarikh i Firoze Shahi

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Tarik i Firoze Shahi was written by Ziauddin Barani. He is more popular as Barani. The work covers a period from 1259 to 1352. His works begins where Minhaj had ended his work. His work is rated as the finest source of early medieval India. He was contemporary of Amir Khusrau and his associate also.

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The political theory of the Delhi sultanate: Including a translation of Ziauddin Barani's Fatawa-i Jahandari, circa, 1358-9 A.D

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Abu Fazal: Works (Writings)

Abu Fazal:
Abu Fazal son of Sheikh Mubarak and brother of Abul Faiz alias Faizi had to his credit following works:


1. Akbarnama in three volumes. It contains an account of the reign of Akbar upto his 42nd year of reign. It was continued by Muhammad Salih who continued the account to the 50th year of the reign of Akbar.


2. Ain-i-Akbari originally in one volume and one of the volume of Akbarnama. The Persian text as edited by H. Blochmann and published by Asiatic Society of Bengal, is in two volumes.


3. Ruqat-i-Abul Fazl consists of letters by Abul Fazal written to members of royal family and the emperor Akbar.


4. Muktubat -i- Allami or Insha -i- Abul Fazl consists of drafts of farmans which was issued by Akbar, letter to foreign dignitaries and emperors, petitions and blue prints of policy matters presented to the Emperor and his own personal views and some miscellaneous subjects.

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Digital Sources: For Translations of original text of Akabarnama Check Abu Fazal at The Packard Humanities Institute.

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Also Check sumir-history for further references and comments.

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Authority referred: J. L. Mehta, Advanced Study in the History of Medieval India.

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The Akbar Nama of Abu-L-Fazal/Volumes 1 & 2 in 1 Book and Volume 3

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Farman

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Farman: Farman was a royal order bearing the seal of the emperor during the Mughal period of Indian history. Every piece of the official document was not a Farman. A Farman was an order directly from the Emperor.

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Authority:
Siddiqi, Noman Ahmad, Land Revenue Administration Under the Mughals, 1989, ISBN 81-215-0477-X

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CATALOGUE OF BOOKS BY SUMIR SHARMA on Amazon

CATALOGUE OF BOOKS BY SUMIR SHARMA ON GOOGLE BOOKS

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Pherozeshah Mehta

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Pherozeshah Mehta

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Lal Chand 'Falak'

Lal Chand 'Falak'

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Anglo French Conflict in India

In eighteenth century India, English and French trading companies competed and fought with each other in India for the control over the trade and political power in India. It is generally called the Anglo French Conflict in India.


The conflict between English and French Trading companies went through four phases. In first three phases, the trading companies of France and England fought three wars on the land of India. Those three wars are recorded in Indian history as three Karnataka war or merely Karnataka wars. The first Karnataka War was fought between 1746 and 1748. It ended with Aix-la Chapella treaty which was signed between England and France in 1748 in Europe. The second Karnataka war was fought between 1749 and 1754. It ended in the Treaty of Pondicherry signed in 1754. The third Karnataka war was fought between 1758 and 1763. It ended with the Treaty of Peace of Paris.


In the fourth phase, which extended from 1778 to 1815, the French tried to eliminate the British by helping the native rulers like of Nizam of Hyderabad, Tipu of Mysore and the Maratha Chiefs by training their armies on the European model. The French officers also tried to train the army of Maharaja Ranjit Singh of Lahore.


The above contest or conflict must be understood in context of the European history. Britain and France did not have good relations between them on European continent. However, the European trading companies trading in India being ruled by Mughals, especially the French and British companies, maintained very cordial relations among themselves in India while trading. They readily cooperated and coordinated in their trading activities over the Indian land. However, during Karnataka war, the British and French trading compaies fought when France and Britain fought in Europe. Secondly, all through the period of Karnataka war, though they had actively interfere in Indian and Mughal court politics, they remained under the hollow of the might of the Mughals. It was only after Battle of Buxar, the English Company became confident of itself. By then, it had already beaten the French company in India.

The Karnataka wars established that among the European trading countries in India, England Trading company was supreme.

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