Battle of Swally 1612

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Battle of Swally:
It was fought between Portuguese and English in 1612.

The Portuguese did not like the establishment of the factory at Surat. They invaded it. Captain Best, who established the factory defeated them.

Surat remained the seat of the British activity in India upto 1686.

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Source:
Raikes, Charles, "The Englishman of India", 1867, London

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Further Reference:
Wikipedia Article on Battle of Swally

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Sir James Lancaster

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Sir James Lancaster: He was the first commander of the first fleet sent by the East India company to India. It consisted of four big ships and one small boat. The names of the ships and boat were The Dragon, The Hector, The Swan, The Ascension and The Guest.

The fleet under the command of Sir James Lancaster was manned by 480 seamen.

It sailed for India on April 22, 1601.

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Raikes, Charles, "The Englishman of India", 1867, London.

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Further References:
Wikipedia Note on Sir James Lancaster (Click to Access)

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George Earl of Cumberland

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George of Earl of Cumberland: He was the person received the first charter of East India Company on December 31, 1600. It was given along with him to 215 knights, aldermen and merchants. The charter was given for fifteen years.

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Raikes, Charles, "The Englishman of India", 1867, London

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Indigo Revolt 1859-1860

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Indigo Revolt 1859-60: Peasant Uprising in post 1857 period.
The main leaders were Digambar Biswas and Bishnu Biswas. It started from Nadia district. The peasants Biswass Brothers of village Govinderpur in Nadia District of erstwhile Bengal province started it. It is being evaluated by historians to have influenced the nationalist intellectuals who were growing in the perception of anti-colonial rule and germinating the national movement. It had just started after the first war of independence or the Uprising of 1857.

The main methodology of protest was social boycott. No doubt, there were incidences of violent attacks which were rather provoked by the Planters.

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Sido Murmu

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Sido Murmu: Santhal Revolt of 1855 to 1866. He was brother of Kanhu Murmu. They jointly mobilized 60000 Santhals who fought desperately with bow and arrows. It is recorded in the British annals that Rajmahal Hills were drenched red with the blood of Santhals. They fought to push out the Dikhu and bring back independence under the direction of Thakur (God). Their uprising was called hool in their dialect.

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Tribes of West Bengal: Santhal, Santals, Oraon, Rabha, Munda People, Toto Tribe, Lepcha People, Bhutia, Santhal Rebellion, Bhumij
Santhal Women: A Social Profile

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Santhal hool

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Santhal hool is translated as Santhal uprising. Santhals are a tribe of Rajmahal hills between Bhagalpur and Rajmahal (falls now in present Jharkhan state of India). It was headed by Sido Murmu (Santhal) and Kanhu Murmu (Santhal). They were able to motivate 60,000 Santhals from nearly 400 villages to stand against the oppressive activities of British officers and their associates in form of zamindars and moneylenders. The uprising took place in 1855 and was suppressed only by 1866. A major massacre took place during this suppression. An officer of Major General was deputed to crush their uprising. According to British officers, the major carnage resulted because of brute and reckless activities of Santhals. Report of Calcutta Review had called them meek and yielding tribe.

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Digital Source: Official Website of Jharkhan State

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Authority Referred: Bipin Chandra and five authors: India's Struggle for Freedom

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Remarks

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Chandra Bipin : India'S Struggle for Independence
The Epic Struggle
Nationality and Empire. A running study of some current Indian problems
The Epic Struggle

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Gadkaris Revolt

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Gadkaris Revolt was a civil uprising which took place in 1844 in Maharashtra. It was participated by peasants against the British revenue policy adopted after subduing the Peshwas.

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Digital Source

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Remarks

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Authority Referred

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Ram Ganesh Gadkari (Makers of Indian literature)

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Chuar Rebellion

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Chuar Rebellion was a civil rebellion. It was spread over numerous districts of Bengal and Bihar. It was participated by displaced peasants and demobilized soldiers of Bengal Nawab. It continued from 1766 to 1772 and again from 1795 to 1816.

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Digital Sources

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Authority referred

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Edit Report

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Remarks: Subject to change

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Simon Fraser

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Simon Fraser (Must Read the note below within this section): He was the political agent residing at Delhi where the pensioner Padshah Bhadur Shah II was living. He was killed somewhere after May 11, 1857 by the sepoys who had come from Meerut and the people who had gathered around those sepoys.


Note: Simon Fraser here is about a person who was in India in 1857. There are a number of persons by the same name associated with histories of different regions, nations and times. Use discretion while picking reference from here. It is valid only in case of Indian History, Colonial period.

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Digital Source

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Remarks: Subject to change at any time.

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Edit Report

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Authority Referred

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Vadamyuta

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Vadamyuta was the older name of modern Badaun. It was a centre of a principality established by Gopala, a Rahstrakuta king, in the vicinity of Kanauj.

Gopala was earlier ruling at Kanauj, the actual centre of power of Bharata before Delhi became the new centre of power which was declared by Tomar king Anang Paul when he gave his throne to his maternal grand son Prithvi Raj III Chauhan.

Gopal, the Rashtrakuta King of Kanauj was defeated by the Mahmud, around 80's of eleventh century the governor of Punjab. The Punjab was a part of Ghazni under Sultan of Ghazni at that time since the days of the attack of Mahmud of Ghazni from 999 CE to 1027 CE.

Near about 1090, Gopala was defeated by Chandradeva, a gahadavala rajput who established the Gahadvala dynasty at Kanauj. After the defeat, Gopala established his rule at Vadamyuta. His descendents continued to live as the feudatory of Gahadavala dynasty of Kanauj. Finally, in 1202, Qutubudin Aibek, the slave and governor of Muhammad Ghori, defeated Lakhanpal, the last Rashtrakuta king of Vadamyuta and deputed his own slave Shamsudin, his son in law and later Sultan Shamsudin Iltutmish, as governor of Vadamyuta which was then named as Badaun. Shamsudin became the first Muslim governor of Badaun in this manner.

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Digital Source

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Authority Referred: J. L. Mehta, The Advanced Study in the History of Medieval India.

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Remarks

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Edit Report

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Advanced Study in the History of Medieval India: 1000-1526 A.D.
Medieval Indian Society and Culture (Advanced Study in the History of Medieval India, Vol. III)

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Accused of Meerut Conspiracy Case 1929

There were thirty two accused in Meerut Conspiracy Case. The name of the accused were as follows.
1. Muzaffar Ahmed
2. Shaukat Usmani
3. Philip Spratt
4. S. V. Ghate
5. K. N. Joglekar
6. R. S. Nimbkar
7. Benjamin. F. Bradley
8. S. S. Mirajikar
9. Abdul Majid
10. Dharani Goswami
11. Gopen Chakravarty
12. Ajodhya Parsad
13. P. C. Joshi
14. Gopal Basak
15. G. M. Adhikari
16. Samsul Huda
17. M. G. Desai.
18. S. H. Jhabwalla
19. H. L. Hutchinson
20. R. R. Mitra
21. K. N. Sehgal
22. G. R. Kasle
23. Gauri Shankar
24. L. R. Kadam.
25. A. A. Alve.
26. D. R. Thengdi
27. S. A. Dange
28. S. S. Josh
29. Shibnath Bannerjee
30. Kishorilal Ghosh
31. B. N. Mukerji
32. Dharamvir Singh
Dharamvir Singh was pronounced not guilty. Shibnath Banneree, Kishorilal Ghosh and B. N. Mukerji were acquitted. D. R. Thendi of Bombay died during the course of the trial. Finally 28 of them were punished. The Sessions Judge R. L. Yorke in Sessions Court at Meerut passed the judgement which was reviewed and upheld with reduced punishments by Allahabad High Court. The advocate for the defendants was Sir Tej Bahadur Sapru. The Special Prosecutor for the Crown was Mr. M. I. Kemp. The Meerut Special Court delivered its verdict on January 17, 1933. The defendants appealed to the Allahabad High Court. The Allahabad High Court upheld the verdict of the Sessions Court Meerut and passed its verdict on August 13, 1933 with reduced sentences.

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Source: Encyclopedia of Political Parties Volume 33-35, pp. 689-693, Om Parkash Ralhan (Edit).

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Digital References

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Edit Report

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Remarks

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Meerut Conspiracy Case and the Left Wing in India
Stuntwoman / The Swiss Conspiracy [Slim Case]

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Delhi Statement

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Delhi Statement:
Delhi Statement was issued by Gandhi on November 2, 1928.
In the statement it was sugested that the proposed conference which Simon Commission was expected to recommend, would discuss the features of Dominion Status. In the conference, the Congress delegates would have majority. The agenda of the conference would be to discuss a general amnesty and concilliation.
Gandhi met Irwin, the Viceroy of India  on November 23, 1928. The Viceroy rejected the offer given in 'Delhi Statement'.
Later, Gandhi signed Gandhi Irwin Pact in which the above offer were not taken up.

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Source:

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Digital Library Source:

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Indian Communist Conference-December 1925

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Indian Communist Conference December 1925:
Indian Communist Conference was held in December 1925. According the official view of the Communist Party of India as accepted in 1958, the Conference of 1925 marks the foundation of Communist Party of India.

The Conference was held in Kanpur. It was called after receiving a set back to numerous conspiracy cases like Peshawar Conspiracy Cases, Kanpur Bolshevik Conspiracy cases against the communism oriented Indians. It was organized by Satyabhakta. Hasrat Mohani, a known poet in pre-independence and and post-independence India was the chariman of the Rception Committee. Singaravely was its President.

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Source: Sumit Sarkar, Modern India 1885-1947, 1990, Mcmillan, Madras. pp 249

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Digital Library Source

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Edit Report

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External Sources

Kanpur Bolshevik Conspiracy Case 1924

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Kanpur Bolshevik Conspiracy Case 1924
Kanpur Bolshevik Conspiracy Case tried the emerging leaders supporting communist ideology. Under this trial, Muzaffar Ahmad, S. A. Dange, Shaukat Usmani and Nalini Gupta were jailed in May 1924.
During second decade of the twentieth century, the Imperialist British government ruling over India was highly terrified with the idea of spread of communism in India. Kanpur Bolshevik Conspiracy Case and Peshwar Conspiracy Case which were five trials were mainly result of that fear factor.

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Source: Sumit Sarkar, Modern India 1885-1947, 1990, Mcmillan, Madras. pp 249,
Dictionary of History of India

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Digital Library Source:

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Edit Report

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External links:

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Modern India: 1885-1947A Critique on Colonial IndiaModern India 1885-1947

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