Sultan Nizam Shah

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Sultan Nizam Shah was the founder of the Nizam Shahi dynasty of Ahmadnagar. His actual name was Malik Ahmad. He was governor of Junar under Bahmani Kingdom. He established his independent rule in 1490 and founded Nizam Shahi dynasty.

Ahmednagar Kingdom was one of the five independent kingdoms which came up after the end of Bahmani Kingdom.

The other four dynasties were Adil Shahi dynasty at Bijapur, Imadshahi dyansty of Berar, Qutubshahi dynasty of Golkonda and Barid Shahi dynasty at Bidar.

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Kingdom of Ahmadnagar
Cultural Archaeology of Ahmadnagar During Nizam Shai Period, 1494-1632

Memoirs of Chand Bibi,: The princess of Ahmadnagar (Nawab Lutf un-Dawlah Memorial Series)

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Yusuf Adil Shah

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Yusuf Adil Shah was the founder of the Adil Shahi dynasty of Bijapur. He was a Turkish Noble. The Adil Shahi dynasty was founded by him in 1489.

Bijapur was one of the five dynasties which replaced the Bahmani Kingdom.

The other four dynasties were Nizam Shahi dynasty at Ahmadnagar, Imadshahi dyansty of Berar, Qutubshahi dynasty of Golkonda and Barid Shahi dynasty at Bidar.

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HISTORY OF THE RISE OF THE MUHAMMADAN POWER IN INDIA. Volume Two: History of the Dekhan. Part One: Bahmani Kingdom of Kulbarga
The Bahmani kingdom (Short studies in Indian history)

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Indigo Revolt 1859-1860

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Indigo Revolt 1859-60: Peasant Uprising in post 1857 period.
The main leaders were Digambar Biswas and Bishnu Biswas. It started from Nadia district. The peasants Biswass Brothers of village Govinderpur in Nadia District of erstwhile Bengal province started it. It is being evaluated by historians to have influenced the nationalist intellectuals who were growing in the perception of anti-colonial rule and germinating the national movement. It had just started after the first war of independence or the Uprising of 1857.

The main methodology of protest was social boycott. No doubt, there were incidences of violent attacks which were rather provoked by the Planters.

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Iltutmish

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Iltutmish: Iltutmish is a Turkish word which means 'saviour fo the kingdom'. The persian word for it is Altamish or Altamsh. The synonymous words are alamgir or Jahangir.

This word had been used with the name of Shamsuddin who was the real founder of Delhi Sultanate as it was he shifted the capital of his Shamsi rule from Lahore to Delhi. He was slave as well as the son-in-law of Qutubuddin Aibek, the founder of Slave dynasty and slave of Muhammad Ghori.

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Authority Referred: Jaswant Lal Mehta, Advanced Study of in the History of Medieval India.

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Advanced Study in the History of Medieval India: 1000-1526 A.D.
Medieval Indian Society and Culture (Advanced Study in the History of Medieval India, Vol. III)

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Paura

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Paura:
Paura was the assembly of a capital city. Dr. Jayswal in his book 'Hindu Polity' identified the city assembly as described by Magasthenes with Paura. It was headed by Sreshthin, who was generally a merchant or banker of the city.

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Authority Referred: Dr. K. P Jayswal, Hindu Polity

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Hindu Polity

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Indian Communist Conference-December 1925

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Indian Communist Conference December 1925:
Indian Communist Conference was held in December 1925. According the official view of the Communist Party of India as accepted in 1958, the Conference of 1925 marks the foundation of Communist Party of India.

The Conference was held in Kanpur. It was called after receiving a set back to numerous conspiracy cases like Peshawar Conspiracy Cases, Kanpur Bolshevik Conspiracy cases against the communism oriented Indians. It was organized by Satyabhakta. Hasrat Mohani, a known poet in pre-independence and and post-independence India was the chariman of the Rception Committee. Singaravely was its President.

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Source: Sumit Sarkar, Modern India 1885-1947, 1990, Mcmillan, Madras. pp 249

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Indian Independence Committee 1915

Indian Independence Committee 1915
The Indian Independence Committee was formed by Indian revolutionaries who were working for the independence of India from the foreign countries. It was formed in 1915 in Berlin when the World War First was going on. It was formed to make arrangements to help the revolutionaries within India to fight the British administration. It is believed that it was being supported by German foreign office under the ‘Zimmerman Plan’. The leading members of the committee was Viendranath Chattopadhyay (Chatto), Bhupen Dutta, Lala Har Dayal Verma and others. It is more popular as Berlin Committee of Indian Independence in history text books in India.

The historians evaluate the forming of the Indian Independence Committee as one of the two main responses of the Indians patriots. In this case, it was the response of the revolutionaries for whom the starting of World War had given an opportunity to push out Britain out India. The second response was represented by Home Rule Movement, which ultimately favoured helping the British efforts in the world war and then latter use it for negotiation for getting political rights for Indians within India. In case of the activities of the revolutionaries with operational centre in foreign countries, they are generally shown as conspiracies. However, the Indian historians have not gone beyond that. After suggesting that they were part of some conspiracy, they have not taken conspiracy theories thesis to their logical conclusions. No doubt, they can not escape the responsibility of suggesting that though there had been conspiracies yet such acts had also contributed to the Indian freedom struggle. As a result apart from Indian Independence Committee fact, the Ghadrites, the Hindu Conspiracy Case 1918, Provincial Government of Free India at Kabul etc are all treated in that manner.

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Indian Sociologist

Indian Sociologist
Indian Sociologist was a journal started by Shyamji Krishanvarma.

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Source:
Photograph Source: Wikipedia

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Servants of India Soceity

Servants of India Society:
Servants of India Society was launched by Gopal Krishan Gokhle, the moderate leader of Congress in June 1905. It aimed at working on the principles of self-sacrifice, moral purity and full time national work.

It had great relevance for the time when it was formed. It was formed when the extremist group in the Congress was trying to adopt their ways in the working of the Inadian National Congress. Secondly, it was felt that the Congress should continue to work throughout the year. The Society was formed by the most dominating person of the Congress of that time. It tried to promote the moderate methods in the working of the Congress.

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