Dabistan

 Dabistan

The author of Dabistan, also spelt as Dabestan or Dabirul Mulk Dabestani, is Muhammad ibn Mohsin ibn Abdullah al-Jurjani. Dabistan is a Persian book written in the 17th century, which provides an account of the religious and philosophical beliefs of various religious and cultural groups in India and Iran during the Safavid dynasty. The book covers a wide range of topics, including Zoroastrianism, Hinduism, Buddhism, Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, and provides insights into the religious and cultural diversity of the region during that period.

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Added Side Talk

Sher Shah Suri, as Farid Khan, had studied Dabistan and Bostan at Jaunpur. His mastery over these two books made him eligible to seek employment with Bengal Administration. 

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Dwarkanath Tagore

                                                 Dwarkanath Tagore was the founder of illustrious Tagore (Thakur) family of Bengal in India. He was an entrepreneur who dominated the business world of Bengal in 1830s and 1840s in a short span of his life of 53 years. He was born in 1794 and died in 1846. He is credited with introduction of steam engine technology and modern corporate forms in India. He had business interests in coal mining, tea gardens, insurance companies, banking, joint stock companies, silk, indigo, newspapers, landed estates and ocean going ships. In his corporate vision he sought interracial cooperation in business. He also dreamed of an industrialized India to attain a status of equal partner in British commonwealth of nations. The other illustrious sons of this family after him were Debendranath and Rabindranath (Guruji). His decedents now live in Berlin. 

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Photograph Source: UNESCO as accessed on February 13, 2011

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Information Source: Blair B Kling: Partner in Empire.

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Digambar Biswas

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Digambar Biswas: Govindpur Villagae, Nadia District, Bengal Province, Indigo Revolt 1859-1860. He with his brother Bisnu Biswas started a social boycott movement against the Indigo Planters. They adopted the policy of resistance through legal and political mobilization movement when the nationalist intellectuals were yet to define their role in national movement. The movement started just when the British government had suppressed the Uprising of 1857.

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The Insurrection of Little Selves: The Crisis of Secular-Nationalism in India
The Emergence of Hindu Nationalism in India

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Apad Dharma

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Apad Dharma: It means the norms to be followed during the crises in life. The Western scholars has defined it as 'duty when in distress'. These norms and duties are specified in the Samriti literature. Under it, a person belonging to a class is suggested the alternative means of earning livelihood if he is faced with crises in life.

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Remarks: Remark: The social aspects of Indian history or for that matter the whole of Indian history, remains restricted by the frames as envisaged, understood, explained and interpreted by colonial historians started by peculiar chapterization by J Mills history. Different variations in chapterization had taken place but some of the concepts invented and interpreted by colonial historians and then 'minus-religion' history of Marxist historians with their analytic paradigm consolidated them, remained as paranormal edifices of Indian society and guided the perception in modern and post modern academic field. No doubt, one of the shortcoming is the lack of efforts by the Indian scholars to present the history and social reality from Indian centric paradigms.

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Authority Referred

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Digital Reference

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Manu Smriti: A Sociological Analysis
Hindu scheme of things: Socio-political analysis of Manu-smriti
Manu-smriti [i.e. Manu-smrti] Notes

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Dvija

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Dvija
Dvija has been translated by the colonial historians as 'twice born'. This is a term which has been used for an Aryan who has undertaken Upnayan Yagna and as a result wears Yagyaupvita. Yagyaupvita is a circular thread or band that covers left shoulder and passes from right side of the body. The material for the thread is different for different people who enters at the stage of Brhamacharya as per norms of his family or the acharya whom he or she joins.

The colonial historians explain it as taking a second birth norm among aryans. The first birth is the natural or biological birth. The second birth is the ceremony which is referred to in the previous paragraph. Such a ceremony is some times also identified with Namkaran/dastar bandi ceremonies in which the name of the child is declared to the clan. It is emphasized here that Namakaran and upnayan yagna are not the same ceremonies but they have similar sanctity.

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Digital Sources:

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Remark: The social aspects of Indian history or for that matter the whole of Indian history, remains restricted by the frames as envisaged, understood, explained and interpreted by colonial historians started by peculiar chapterization by J Mills history. Different variations in chapterization had taken place but some of the concepts invented and interpreted by colonial historians and then 'minus-religion' history of Marxist historians with their analytic paradigm consolidated them, remained as paranormal edifices of Indian society and guided the perception in modern and post modern academic field. No doubt, one of the shortcoming is the lack of efforts by the Indian scholars to present the history and social reality from Indian centric paradigms.

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Duhsadhasadhanika

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Duhsadhasadhanika: DUH-sdha saadhanika

Duhsadhasadhanika was a special officer employed by kings of ancient India to track down and apprehend bandits.

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Authority Referred: A. L. Basham, Wonder That Was India

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Remarks: They may be equated to Special Task Forces formed to apprehend the special categories of criminals like smugglers or drug mafia or economic offenders etc of the present days. Even 'Black Cat' forces may also be identified as similar to Duhasadhasadhanika. Well, it is my opinion. I have not found much elaboration on this term. It is found in A. L. Basham with some elaboration which is basis of the definition above.

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Digital Source

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From the Vedas to the Manu-Samhita: A Cultural Study

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Dayabhaga

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Dayabhaga:
Dayabhaga is a legal commentary by Jimutavahana. Dayabhaga defines the basis of inheritance. It forms the part of a compilation titled Dharmratna. The present law of inheritance among the Hindus in India are based on Dayabhaga commentary by Jimutavahna.

Daya means a wealth which becomes property of a person by reason of a relationship with the actual owner. Hence, it defines that how property transfers from a father to his sons and other relations.

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Remarks

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Dhammacakkapavattana Sutta

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Dhammacakkapavattana Sutta:
Dhammacakkapavattana Sutta (Pali word) or Dharam-chakra-parivatan Sutra (Sanskrit/Hindi word) contains the fundamental teachings of Mahatama Buddha which he delievered for the first time after getting enlightenment. It was delievered at a deer park named Isipatana at Varanasi. It were delievered to five monks who were his first disciple after he attained the enlightenment. The teaching consisted mainly of four Noble Truths and Eight Fold Path.

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Digital Source:

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Authority referred: A. L. Basham: Wonder That Was India.

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Remarks: The definition is mainly from A. L. Basham. However, it will be further elaborated.

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